According to statistics in recent years, humanity is often found with diabetes, which is an epidemic of the 21st century. Every year, the disease becomes more and more patients and more patients die of complications. In this regard, it is important to understand what diabetes is sugar, what kind of diabetes there are and their differences.
Diabetes
Diabetic pathology is a collective name for a whole class of disease. In medicine, it is customary to release diabetes mellitus by type. The terminology itself is represented by a whole list of diseases that have common characteristics. The characteristics of diabetes and species are due to the pathogenic value of glucose in the blood.
There are many factors, which is why insulin is not able to supply glucose to blood cells, while the result is always the only one - in the course of strong saturation of blood on sugar, cells cannot be fed normally.
When the sugar in the cells is inappropriate, it is pulled from water. The fluid that fills the blood passes through the kidneys, leading to dehydration. No matter what type of diabetes is observed, the following signs are developed:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- feeling of thirst;
- Frequent visits to the bathroom and an abundance of urine.
Different forms of diabetes are characterized by factors of appearance, symptoms and methods of therapy.
Diabetes
How many types of diabetes sugar exist? First of all, diabetes is distinguished by type - sugar associated with increasing sugar and not -Ahar. And already the type of sugar has certain types of diabetes and their differences.
- SD 1 form.
- SD 2 forms.
- Specific types of pathology.
- Gestational form.
In terms of weight, diabetes differs in type:
- light;
- medium;
- Heavy form.
As for the state of compensation, they distinguish:
- compensated;
- subcompensated;
- Decompensated form of the disease.
It is important to look at every type of diabetes and their characteristics.
Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent)
The first type of diabetes is commonly called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas that produces insulin. In patients with 1 type of diabetes, insulin is absent or not sufficient.
According to statistics, the manifestation of the disease today is in young people. The first form has the following characters:
- rapid weight loss;
- thirst;
- Frequent desire for the toilet;
- Feeling hunger;
- The appearance of acetone in urine.
The treatment of this variety of pathology involves the introduction of the required dose of the hormone. The other therapeutic measures are ineffective.
The development of the first type of disease occurs due to a genetic factor. In addition, the provocateur is a number of negative causes, starting with impaired immunity. The course of diabetes is sudden, with pronounced manifestations. The sugar indicator is quite high, reaching 30 mmol/l. But without insulin, the cells remain in a state of hunger.
Pancreatic cells deform, receives sugar. The hormone deficiency leads to the inability to use carbohydrates, the lack of energy is trying to compensate for the treatment of fat.
The first type develops in the presence of:
- infections;
- stress;
- A sedentary life;
- autoimmune processes;
- hereditary predisposition;
- Inappropriate meals.
In the absence of adequate treatment, the discord of consciousness, to a diabetic coma, develop rapidly. Subsequently, if you do not treat adult diabetes comprehensively, this will quickly lead to a disorder of almost all systems and organs, damage.
With the development of the disease in a child, there is a lag in the development of the physical, mental level, later puberty, infantile.
The only method of therapy is the introduction of insulin for injections under the epithelium. Glucose is not introduced many times today. There are analogs entered once a day or 1 time in 3 days. The insulin pump is effective, which introduces glucose continuously during the day.
A variety of 1 form of the disease is a latent autoimmune disease of adults, characterized by a decrease in the value of sugar, the patient's body weight is normal. The study found antibodies of pancreatic cells, which are not available in the second form of pathology but has in 1 form.
It is important to diagnose the disease over time, as therapy involves the introduction of insulin. Tablets to reduce sugar in this situation are not allowed.
Type 2 diabetes (insulin dependent)
Second -degree diabetes is not absolute, but in terms of insulin inferiority. This shows the secretion of insulin in normal, excess volume. The cells are resistant to its influence.
There are times when this species is associated with obesity. In such a glucose secretion position, it is not sufficient for all current fat deposits. Unlike 1 form, 2 species are formed in mature years. The male is faced with a problem after 40, females after Climax, when a hormonal restructuring is observed.
The development of 2 forms of diabetes is not as fast as compared to type 1. Often the disease is gradually formed, the signs are weak, the painful disorders are not as far as in 1 form.
The main manifestations of the disease include:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- the increased volume of urine that causes the patient to enter the toilet in the middle of the night;
- Strong desire for drinking;
- itching of the mucous membranes;
- There is an increased desire.
After the disease, along with obesity, it leads to the development of hypertension, increasing pressure to high values. The formation of a vicious circle is formed when diabetes, obesity and hypertension together lead to a load with each other. The risk of heart attack, stroke, is also rapidly increasing.
If the disease is not treated, irreversible phenomena occur in the nerve fibers, liver, kidneys, retina of the eyes. Most often, vascular disease in 2 forms leads to a complication - the appearance of trophic ulcers of the lower leg, gangrene legs.
When the SD of 2 species continues easily to normalize sugar, sufficiently ejected pounds. This is only initially. After lack of glucose, it will require medicines that lower sugar in the tablets. The pill can stimulate the synthesis of sugar in beta cells, which covers its deficiency.
But subsequently with multiple stimulation, complete depletion of cells, the formation of complete lack of glucose is possible. High indicators, together with complications to the internal organs, serve as an indication of switching from pill to insulin. Therefore, as a rule, the patient is doomed to constant use of insulin. So, of the two types of diabetes, the 1st is dependent on insulin, and the second form has 2 phases, the nature of the development is dependent on insulin and insulin.
Specific types of diabetes
There are a whole group of specific types of diabetes that are related to other factors. Types of diabetes:
- Hereditary defects in the work of the cells of the pancreatic organ and the effect of insulin.
- The disease of the exocrine part of the gland.
- Endocrinopathy.
- SD, provoked by medicines, chemical elements.
- Injections.
- Unusual types of immune disease.
- Hereditary symptoms that are combined with diabetes.
Diabetic sugar from the types of genetic defects in the work of the pancreas and insulin effects is formed due to the mutation of genes that are responsible for the functioning of the gland, the effect of insulin.
Diseases of the exocrine part of the pancreas suggest an inflammatory process in iron, injury, tumor formations. When part of the organ is affected, sugar productivity also suffers, the office station leads to the appearance of diabetes. Therapy undergoes replacement of work, introduces glucose.
Diabetic sugar by type of endocrinotherapy is characterized by the effectiveness of hormones in excessive volume. Hormones are able to adversely affect sugar exchange by increasing the indicator, provoking insulin resistance, inhibits sugar exposure. As a result, the development of a specific form of diabetes happens.
Sugar diabetes of species provoked by drugs capable of increasing sugar and causing insulin resistance.
Often, diabetes initially develops after viral pathologies, as viruses can amazement at the cells of the pancreas and provoke damage to the immune system, starting a process similar to the formation of diabetes in form.
- Adenovirus.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Rubella.
- Piggy.
In rare cases, diabetes is observed in diabetes provoked by the formation of antibodies to glucose and its receptor. The receptor is the purpose of glucose, through it the cell gets its influence. When these phenomena are disturbed, sugar is not able to naturally perform its work, so it develops diabetes.
Gestational diabetes
This species develops during pregnancy. The disease develops due to a lower productivity of sugar, it is necessary to regulate blood glucose.
During pregnancy, the female body is forced to produce a large amount of sugar, which provides the need for the baby. This process is especially relevant in the second phase of pregnancy.
When there is no glucose, the value of sugar increases continuously, providing the ability to form a gestational type of diabetes. The pathology often disappears after the birth of a child. This is a characteristic feature that distinguishes this type from other species with chronic flow.
Non -adhesive diabetes
No -the disease of the disease is also called urethics. The pathology has no typical signs. The main features include:
- polyuria characterized by the release of urine in volume, which significantly exceeds the norm;
- Polydipsia - taking large volumes of fluid.
With disease diabetics observe:
- dry skin;
- The stomach is stretched, lowered;
- Karo weight falls;
- Pressure decreases;
- The genius system is affected (girls face a menstrual disorder, in men, reduction of potency);
- The preservation of children is worried, the growth and development of development slow down.
Neahard's therapy envisages the receipt of vasopressin in the form of a spray in the cavity of the nose or pill.
